NASA announced April 20 the Communications Services Project
(CSP) awards, totaling $278.5 million, to test how commercial satellites in
both low Earth orbit and geostationary orbit could support missions that
currently use the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) constellation of
NASA-owned spacecraft that have provided service since the 1980s.
The awards are in the form of Space Act Agreements with the
companies matching or exceeding the awards with their own funds. NASA estimated
the total investment to be $1.5 billion over five years in this demonstration
phase of the program.
The goal of CSP is to demonstrate services that NASA could
later procure as it seeks to gradually phase out the use of TDRS satellites.
“We’ll be demonstrating the end-to-end capability that we would ultimately be
able to go out and procure for NASA missions,” Eli Naffah, CSP project manager
at NASA’s Glenn Research Center, said in an interview during the Satellite 2022
conference in March.
The CSP awards cover services using a wide range of
frequencies, including C-, L-, Ka- and Ku-band, and are meant to support new
missions rather than current ones designed for working with TDRS satellites on
frequencies set aside for space research.
“Right now we’re not looking for backward compatibility,”
Naffah said. “We’re figuring that existing missions that are utilizing TDRS
capability will continue to utilize TDRS for their life. What we’re looking at
here is future missions.”
One issue will be the use of those commercial frequencies for
space-to-space communications. Existing spectrum bands for fixed and mobile
satellite services don’t include allocations for space-to-space communications,
something that may be addressed at future World Radiocommunication Conferences.
“Getting those space-to-space allocations is going to be key to being able to
offer an operational service to spacecraft,” he said.
The awards will test not just technical feasibility but also
approaches for buying services. “While we’re doing the demonstrations, we’re
going to be looking at what that acquisition strategy is and what the
transition plan is,” he said. The agency’s goal is to have commercial services
in operation by 2030 as the TDRS fleet is gradually decommissioned.
CSP is following approaches of previous NASA commercial services programs, such as commercial cargo and crew, adopting approaches like the use of funded Space Act Agreements. “All those lessons learned are rolled into what we’re trying to do for CSP and I think it’s really paying off for us,” he said. “I think that will translate very well for the very mature market of satcom.”
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